Evidence-Based Medical Reference

The Definitive
Retatrutide Resource

Plain-English answers about LY3437943 — the first triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist. Phase 3 trial results, how it works, side effects, and the latest 2026 research.

Independent and peer-reviewed. Also covers how the drug compares to Wegovy, Zepbound, CagriSema, and Foundayo. No product sales.

Diagram of LY3437943 connecting to three metabolic receptors: GIP (insulin secretion), GLP-1 (appetite suppression), and glucagon (energy expenditure)
Evidence-based Peer-reviewed sources No product sales Regularly updated Editorially independent

Phase 3 in 2026 at a Glance

All trials
Bar chart comparing Phase 3 mean weight loss: TRIUMPH-4 -28.7%, TRIUMPH-1 -28.3%, CagriSema REDEFINE-1 -22.7%, tirzepatide SURMOUNT-1 -22.5%, survodutide SYNCHRONIZE-1 -16.6%, semaglutide STEP 1 -14.9%, orforglipron ATTAIN-1 -12.4%

Mean percent body weight reduction at the highest tested dose, efficacy estimand. Cross-trial comparison only — no head-to-head data are available between retatrutide and other agents.

Pivotal program complete · BLA planned Q1 2027

Five positive Phase 3 trials, from -20.8% in diabetes to -28.3% in obesity

On July 23, 2026 the last two pivotal trials reported: TRIUMPH-2 (-20.8% at 12 mg in 1,152 adults with type 2 diabetes) and TRIUMPH-3 (-22.6% in 1,949 adults with severe obesity and heart disease). Eli Lilly now plans a Biologics License Application in the first quarter of 2027. TRIUMPH-1 (-28.3%) and TRANSCEND-T2D-1 were presented at ADA 2026 in June.

  • -22.6% weight and -37% triglycerides with established cardiovascular disease (TRIUMPH-3)
  • Dysesthesia at 12 mg: 7.3% and 6.4% in the new trials, versus 20.9% in TRIUMPH-4
  • 45.3% of TRIUMPH-1 12 mg participants lost at least 30% of body weight
  • -73.1% knee-pain and -60.6% sleep-apnea reductions (nested baskets)

Latest from the Blog

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news

Retatrutide Black Market, Late 2026: Lawsuits, FDA Letters, Counterfeits

Lilly sued six sellers, the FDA named 'GLP-3 Reta' in warning letters, grey-market users lost half the trial weight, and a counterfeit vial was 8x semaglutide.

| 8 min
regulatory

Retatrutide Expanded Access: Who Qualifies and How Doctors Apply

Lilly's pre-approval program (NCT07629401): BMI 35+ despite maximal approved therapy, two serious complications, no accessible trial. Physician-requested only.

| 7 min
news

TRIUMPH-2 and TRIUMPH-3 Results: Retatrutide in Diabetes and Heart Disease

Eli Lilly's July 23, 2026 readouts: -20.8% weight loss with type 2 diabetes, -22.6% with cardiovascular disease, dysesthesia 6-7%, and a BLA planned for Q1 2027.

| 8 min
analysis

What Is MASH? Retatrutide's Liver-Disease Program Explained

How retatrutide targets MASH liver disease: the glucagon-driven liver-fat effect, plus what the SYNERGY-OUTCOMES and MACELD Phase 3 trials aim to prove.

| 6 min
analysis

How Was Retatrutide Discovered? The Triple-Agonist Story

Retatrutide was built by adding glucagon action to the GIP/GLP-1 backbone behind tirzepatide. Inside the discovery science of the first triple agonist.

| 7 min
analysis

When Was Retatrutide Created? Timeline 2016 to 2026

Retatrutide entered human trials in 2019, about 7 years ago. A year-by-year timeline from its 2016 design to 2026 Phase 3 data — still investigational.

| 6 min

Frequently Asked Questions

View all FAQ
What is retatrutide?
Retatrutide (LY3437943) is an investigational medication developed by Eli Lilly and Company. It is a single peptide molecule that simultaneously activates three metabolic hormone receptors: GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), and glucagon receptors. This triple receptor agonism is a novel approach designed to address obesity and type 2 diabetes through complementary metabolic pathways.
What does 'triple agonist' mean?
A triple agonist is a single molecule that activates three different receptor types. Retatrutide activates GIP receptors, GLP-1 receptors, and glucagon receptors. Each receptor triggers different biological effects, and their simultaneous activation produces complementary metabolic benefits that are hypothesized to be greater than any single receptor pathway alone.
What clinical trials have been completed for retatrutide?
As of September 2026, retatrutide has completed Phase 1, Phase 2, and all five pivotal Phase 3 trials with positive topline results: TRIUMPH-4 (obesity + knee osteoarthritis, December 2025, -28.7% at 12 mg/68 weeks), TRANSCEND-T2D-1 (type 2 diabetes, March 2026, published in The Lancet June 6, 2026), TRIUMPH-1 (obesity, May 21, 2026, -28.3% at 12 mg/80 weeks), TRIUMPH-2 (obesity + type 2 diabetes, July 23, 2026, -20.8%) and TRIUMPH-3 (severe obesity + cardiovascular disease, July 23, 2026, -22.6%). The TRIUMPH-Outcomes cardiovascular trial, TRANSCEND-T2D-2 and the SYNERGY/MACELD liver trials are still running.
What are the most common side effects of retatrutide?
In Phase 2 clinical trials, the most commonly reported side effects were gastrointestinal in nature: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, and decreased appetite. These effects are consistent with the known pharmacology of GLP-1 receptor agonists and were predominantly mild to moderate in severity. Most GI events occurred during the dose-escalation period and diminished over time as participants adapted to the medication.
When will retatrutide be available?
Retatrutide is not currently available for prescription or purchase. Its pivotal Phase 3 trials are complete, and on July 23, 2026 Eli Lilly said it plans to submit a Biologics License Application to the FDA in the first quarter of 2027. Based on that guidance, FDA approval could come as early as late 2027 (with Priority Review) and more likely in the first half of 2028, with commercial availability in 2028.